Animal Farm, a satirical allegorical novella by George Orwell, is a beast fable first published in England on 17 August 1945. The story revolves around a group of farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. Ultimately, the rebellion is betrayed, and under the dictatorship of a pig named Napoleon, the farm ends up in a state as bad as it was before.

According to Orwell, Animal Farm reflects the events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Barcelona May Days conflicts between the POUM and Stalinist forces during the Spanish Civil War.

In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin ("un conte satirique contre Staline"), and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946), he wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".

The novella tells the story of the farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. However, the rebellion is ultimately betrayed, and the farm ends up in a state as bad as it was before, under the dictatorship of the pig Napoleon.

Orwell's motivations for writing Animal Farm were deeply influenced by his political beliefs and experiences. As a democratic socialist, he was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was shaped by his experiences during the Spanish Civil War.

In his letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin, and in his essay "Why I Write," he stated that it was the first book in which he tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole.

The novella's allegory and its critique of the Stalinist regime have made it a lasting and influential work of literature. Through the story of the farm animals and their failed rebellion, Orwell provided a powerful commentary on the corruption of revolutionary ideals and the dangers of authoritarian rule.

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